Relief with Cartouches of Alexander the Great; Ptolemaic, 323-305 BCE. Alexander the Great asserted the legitimacy of his rule in Egypt by being depicted as a pharaoh in Egyptian temples. This relief fragment, probably from the temple of the god Thoth at Hermopolis Magna, preserves part of his traditional pharaonic titulary, consisting of multiple names. Two identical cartouches on the left contain his Egyptian royal name, “Chosen One of Re and Beloved of the God Amun,” while those on the right provide his personal name, “Alexander,” rendered phonetically in hieroglyphs. The rest of the inscription reads, “King of Upper and Lower Egypt, Lord of the Two Lands.”